中国传统制造业的转型升级:以机床行业为例
Transformation and Upgrading of Traditional Chinese Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from the Machine Tool Industry
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摘要: 机床作为“工业母机”,其发展对中国制造业实现高水平科技自立自强具有重大战略意义。通过聚焦机床行业,整合国际和国内生产贸易、专利及工商注册等多维度数据,可以刻画该行业转型升级的发展历程。研究发现:(1)市场需求结构变化是推动机床行业转型升级的主要因素;(2)在转型过程中,行业所有制结构发生显著变化,民营企业开始占据主导地位,且在创新活动、企业进入等多方面表现更好;(3)企业在生产与创新活动上呈现明显的空间集聚特征,同时上游生产性服务业的集聚也推动了产业转型升级;(4)产业发展总体上遵循了地方比较优势;(5)进一步分析表明,企业并购活动与所有制结构转型、企业地理集聚以及创新活动的发展趋势呈现出较强的一致性,需要给予更多的关注与深入研究。研究结果既提供了有关传统制造业转型升级成效与路径的经验证据,也为中国制造业转型升级提供了可能的借鉴。Abstract: As the “mother machine” of industry,the development of machine tools carries major strategic significance for enabling China's manufacturing sector to achieve a high level of technological self-reliance and strength.By integrating data from multiple dimensions,such as international and domestic production trade,business registrations,and invention patent grants,this paper comprehensively reviews the development history of China's machine tool industry.The study finds that changes in market demand structure are the main driving force for the transformation and upgrading of the machine tool industry.During this transformation process,the ownership structure of the industry has undergone significant changes,with private enterprises beginning to dominate and performing better in innovation activities and business entry.Enterprises exhibit clear spatial agglomeration characteristics in production and innovation activities,while the agglomeration of upstream production services has driven industrial transformation and upgrading.Overall,industrial development follows the principle of local comparative advantage.Further analysis shows a strong consistency between corporate M&A,changes in ownership structure,geographical agglomeration of enterprises,and trends in innovation activities,which need more attention and in-depth research.The findings not only provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness and pathways of transformation and upgrading in traditional manufacturing industries,but also offer potential insights for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing sector.
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Key words:
- transformation and upgrading /
- machine tools /
- private economy /
- agglomeration /
- M&A
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